Confocal microscopy and biochemical analysis reveal spatial and functional separation between anandamide uptake and hydrolysis in human keratinocytes

The signaling activity of anandamide (AEA) is terminated by its uptake across the cellular membrane and subsequent intracellular hydrolysis by the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). To date, the existence of an AEA membrane transporter (AMT) independent of FAAH activity remains questionable, although it has been recently corroborated by pharmacological and genetic data. We performed confocal microscopy and biochemical analysis in human HaCaT keratinocytes, in order to study the cellular distribution of AMT and FAAH. We found that FAAH is intracellularly localized as a punctate staining partially overlapping with the endoplasmic reticulum. Consistently, subcellular fractionation and reconstitution of vesicles from membranes of different compartments demonstrated that FAAH activity was localized mainly in microsomal fractions, whereas AMT activity was almost exclusively in plasma membranes. These results provide the first morphological and biochemical evidence to support the view that transport and hydrolysis are two spatially and functionally distinct processes in AEA degradation.Received 11 October 2004; received after revision 24 November 2004; accepted 7 December 2004     

桩-筏复合基础的非线性分析与设计

在当前的工程实践中,对复合桩基的处理是按上部荷载全部由桩传到地基中去来对待的,认为承台只起连接桩顶和传递上部荷载的作用。但实际上,上部荷载是由桩、承台和地基三者共同承担的。因此,应用有限元和无限元相结合的方法,对桩筏复合基础进行非线性分析,进一步揭示复合桩基的工作原理具有实际意义和理论价值。将按单桩极限承载力设计复合桩基的新方法运用于工程实例的结果表明,复合桩设计新方法具有明显的优越性。     

Substrate specificity of γ-secretase and other intramembrane proteases

γ-Secretase is a promiscuous protease that cleaves bitopic membrane proteins within the lipid bilayer. Elucidating both the mechanistic basis of γ-secretase proteolysis and the precise factors regulating substrate identification is important because modulation of this biochemical degradative process can have important consequences in a physiological and pathophysiological context. Here, we briefly review such information for all major classes of intramembranously cleaving proteases (I-CLiPs), with an emphasis on γ-secretase, an I-CLiP closely linked to the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease. A large body of emerging data allows us to survey the substrates of γ-secretase to ascertain the conformational features that predispose a peptide to cleavage by this enigmatic protease. Because substrate specificity in vivo is closely linked to the relative subcellular compartmentalization of γ-secretase and its substrates, we also survey the voluminous body of literature concerning the traffic of γ-secretase and its most prominent substrate, the amyloid precursor protein. Received 4 October 2007; received after revision 1 December 2007; accepted 7 December 2007     

桩基承台和筏板的空间桁架设计方法研究

基于桩基承台的空间桁架传力机理,进行了承台斜压杆应力场的模拟试验。分析了承台及其斜压杆承载力的影响因素,导出斜压杆承载力计算公式,并提出了桩基承台和筏板的空间桁架设计方法及建议。     

基于势流理论的门桥兴波阻力计算

提出了门桥漕渡水阻力计算，特别是兴波阻力计算的新方法。该方法基于势流理论，考虑门桥的漕波速度和水流速度，通过坐标变换，确定了速度势的适定性条件。并选择合适的格林函数满足除门桥湿表面以外的其他定解条件，则场内的速度势只要由这一格林函数及其法向导数在门桥的湿表面上分布即可决定，大大降低了计算工作量。最后，利用面元法进行数值计算。     

筏－桩－土共同作用分析方法

提出了一种分析筏－桩－土共同作用工作性状的实用计算方法—位移协调法［１］．该方法假定筏极与桩土地基位移协调，对矩形筏板根据其边界条件和变形性状采用一种双重三角级数位移模式．对拉土地基采用单桩计算方法—考虑桩压缩性的位移协调法［１，２］，分析桩土之间的相互影响。根据位移协调条件和力平衡条件建立筏－桩－土共同作用的分析方程．可求解筏板与桩土地基之间的接触应力、桩土地基的应力及沉降、筏板的沉降、弯矩、扭矩及应力和桩筏基础对周围环境的影响等．文中对桩筏基础、片筏基础及性承台的分析与设计具有理论与实用价值．     

跨越地铁隧道超高层建筑桩筏基础数值模拟及优化设计

基于某跨越地铁超高层建筑的设计实践,采用Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则,利用ABAQUS建立三维有限元数值模型,研究地铁隧道穿越建筑物基础时对桩筏基础变形和内力的影响,并根据数值计算结果对经验方法的设计进行优化。数值分析结果表明:开挖增大了筏板的弯矩;隧道开挖会引起附近群桩向隧道方向挠曲变形,且前排桩的变形大于后排桩的变形,同一排桩中边桩变形大于中桩变形;隧道开挖对桩的桩身轴力、弯矩及水平变形的影响主要发生于桩顶至3倍隧道埋深的桩身范围内;随着盾构掘进正面推力和径向压力的增大,桩身挠曲变形逐渐减小并最终使桩身发生远离隧道方向的挠曲变形。     

中国紫菜养殖

中国养殖紫菜,在目前,主要是群众性廉式养殖坛紫菜P.haitanensis和条斑紫菜P.yezoensis。其养殖可分为两个阶段:首先,在室內培养、促熟壳斑藻conchocelis和全人工采壳孢子conchospore苗(坛紫菜通常田喷壳孢子水法);然后,在潮间带进行半浮动筏(簾)式养成。     

“引黄”堆弃泥沙动态变化的卫星遥感技术研究

通过对山东省境内沿黄区域多时相卫星遥感图像处理、解译及自然地理环境资料的研究分析，本文探讨并介绍了应用遥感技术对“引黄”造成的堆弃泥沙的动态变化进行调查的研究方法和效果。